Nekufambira mberi kwevanhu nekukura kwenharaunda, zvinodiwa nevanhu pakugadzira machira hazvisi zvinhu zviri nyore chete, asiwo zvinonyanya kutarisisa kuchengetedzeka kwavo nehutano hwavo, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvine girini uye zvakatipoteredza. Mazuva ano, vanhu pavanotsigira kushandiswa kwechisikigo uye kwegirini, kuchengetedzeka kwemachira kwave kukwezva vanhu vakawanda. Mubvunzo wekuti machira ane njodzi here kumuviri wemunhu wave chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinotariswa nevanhu pamusoro pemishonga nechikafu.
Machira anoreva fiber yechisikigo uye fiber yemakemikari sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kuburikidza nekuruka, kuruka, kudhaya uye imwe tekinoroji yekugadzirisa kana kusona, composite nedzimwe tekinoroji uye zvakagadzirwa nezvigadzirwa. Kusanganisira machira ezvipfeko, machira ekushongedza, machira eindasitiri.
Machira ezvipfeko anosanganisira:(1) marudzi ese embatya; (2) marudzi ese emachira anoshandiswa mukugadzira mbatya; (3) machira emukati, mapedhi, kuzadza, shinda yekushongedza, shinda yekusona nezvimwe zvinhu zvemachira.
Machira ekushongedza anosanganisira: (1) zvinhu zvemukati - maketeni (machira, maketeni), machira etafura (manapkin, jira retafura), machira efenicha (sofa remachira, chifukidziro chefenicha), kushongedza mukati (zvishongo zvemubhedha, makapeti); (2) Magumbeze (machira emubhedha, chifukidziro chejira, bhegi remutsago, tauro remutsago, nezvimwewo); (3) Zvinhu zvekunze (matende, amburera, nezvimwewo).
I. Kuchengetedzeka kwemachira
(1) Zvinodiwa pakugadzira kuchengetedzeka kwechitarisiko chechigadzirwa. Zviratidzo zvikuru ndeizvi:
1.Kugadzikana kwechimiro: kwakakamurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zviviri: kuchinja kwechimiro chekuchenesa kusina kuomeswa uye kuchinja kwechimiro chekuchenesa. Izvi zvinoreva kuchinja kwechimiro chemucheka mushure mekusuka kana kuchenesa kusina kuomeswa uye kuomeswa. Hunhu hwekugadzikana hunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro emari yemachira uye kupfekwa kwembatya.
2. Simba rekunamira rinokwesha: mumasutu, majasi nemashati, jira rinofukidzwa nejira risina kurukwa rinonamira kana kuti jira rinonamira rakarukwa, kuitira kuti jira rive nekuomarara uye kusimba kwakakodzera, ukuwo zvichiita kuti vatengi vasave nyore kuchinja uye kushaya chimiro panguva yekupfeka, zvichiita se "skeleton" yehembe. Panguva imwe chete, zvakakoshawo kuchengetedza simba rekunamira pakati pejira rinonamira nejira mushure mekupfeka nekuwacha.
3. Kuputira: Kuputira zvinoreva mwero wekuputira jira mushure mekukweshana. Chitarisiko chejira chinova chakaipa mushure mekuputira, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga runako.
4. Kutsvedza kweshinda: kutsvedza kwakanyanya kweshinda kubva pamusono wemunwe kana musono wemunwe wakasimbiswa uye wakatambanudzwa. Kazhinji zvinoreva mwero wekutsemuka kwetsvedza wezvipfeko zvikuru zvakaita semusono wemaoko, musono wepamaoko, musono weparutivi uye musono wekumashure. Mwero wekutsvedza waisagona kusvika pachiyero chakajairwa, izvo zvairatidza kurongeka kusina kunaka kweshinda yewarp neyeft mujira rejira uye kuoma kudiki, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakananga chitarisiko chekupfeka uye kunyange kusagona kupfekwa.
5.Kupwanya, kubvarura kana kupwanya, kupwanya simba: kupwanya simba kunotungamira jira kuti rikwanise kutakura simba guru rekupwanya; Simba rekubvarura rinoreva jira rakarukwa chinhu, hoko, kuputika kwechisimba kwenzvimbo uye kuumbwa kwemutswe, shinda kana jira rekubata kwenzvimbo, zvekuti jira rakabvaruka nepakati, uye rinowanzonzi kubvarura: kuputika, kuputika kwejira repointer zvikamu zvemichina zvakaita kuti pave nekuwedzera uye kuputika, zviratidzo izvi hazvina kukodzera, zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushandiswa kwesimba uye hupenyu hwebasa.
6.Kuwanda kwefayibha: zvinoreva kuumbwa kwefayibha uye huwandu huri mujira. Kuwanda kwefayibha ndiwo ruzivo rwakakosha rwunorayira mutengi kutenga chigadzirwa uye chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinosarudza kukosha kwechigadzirwa, zvimwe zvichipa nemaune kuti chive shoti, zvichipa kuti chive chenhema, zvimwe zvichiratidza zvisina kurongeka, zvinovhiringidza pfungwa, zvinonyengera mutengi.
7. Kusapfeka: zvinoreva mwero wekusapfeka kwejira, kusapfeka ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokuvadza jira, zvinokanganisa zvakananga kugara kwenguva refu kwejira.
8. Zvinodiwa pakusona chitarisiko: zvinosanganisira kuyerwa kwezvimiro, zvikanganiso pamusoro, kusona, kuayina, shinda, mavara uye musiyano wemavara, nezvimwewo, kuongorora chitarisiko nekuverenga zvikanganiso. Kunyanya, vacheche seboka risingadziviriri, ragara riri chinangwa chedu chekuchengetedza chinhu, machira anoshandiswa nevacheche anosangana zvakananga nezvinhu zvinodiwa nevana zvezuva nezuva, kuchengetedzeka kwawo, kunyaradzwa, vabereki nenzanga yese ndizvo zvinonyanya kutariswa. Semuenzaniso, zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zvine zipi, kureba kwetambo, saizi yekora, nzvimbo yekusona yechiratidzo chekugara kwenguva refu, zvinodiwa zvekushongedza, uye zvinodiwa zvechikamu chekudhinda zvese zvinosanganisira kuchengetedzeka.
(2) Machira akamboshandiswa, zvishongedzo kana paine zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Zviratidzo zvikuru ndeizvi：
Zviri muFormaldehyde:
1.Formaldehyde inowanzoshandiswa mukupedzisa resin yefiber yemucheka wakachena uye jira rakasanganiswa uye kupedzisa kupedzisa kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvembatya. Ine mabasa ekuayina pasina kupwanya, kudzivirira kupwanya, kudzivirira makwinya uye kubvisa tsvina nyore nyore. Machira embatya akagadzirwa ane formaldehyde yakawandisa, formaldehyde panguva iyo vanhu vanopfeka achaburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma, kufema uye kusangana neganda nemuviri wemunhu, formaldehyde mumuviri wekufema kwemucous membrane neganda zvinoburitsa kukurudzira kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera chirwere chakabatana uye zvinogona kukonzera kenza, kutora formaldehyde kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nechido chekudya, kudzikira uremu, kushaya simba, zviratidzo zvakaita sekushaya hope, uye kuderera kwekusagona.
Kukosha kwe2.PH
PH value inhamba inowanzoshandiswa inoratidza simba reacid nealkalinity, kazhinji iri pakati pe0 ~ 14 value. Ganda remunhu rine jira reacid isina simba kudzivirira chirwere kuti chisapinde. Nokudaro, machira, kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvinosangana zvakananga neganda, zvine simba rekudzivirira paganda kana pH value ikagona kudzorwa mukati mechikamu cheacid isina simba kusvika kune isina simba. Kana zvikasadaro, zvinogona kutsamwisa ganda, zvichikonzera kukuvara kweganda, mabhakitiriya, uye zvirwere.
3. Kukurumidza Kupenda Ruvara
Kusamira kwemavara kunoreva kugona kwejira rakapendwa kana rakadhindwa kuchengetedza ruvara rwaro rwepakutanga uye kupenya (kana kusapera) pasi pesimba rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunze panguva yekudhaya, kudhinda kana kushandisa. Kusamira kwemavara hakuna kungova nechekuita nemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemachira, asiwo zvine chekuita nehutano nekuchengetedzeka kwemuviri wemunhu. Zvigadzirwa zvemachira, madhayi kana pigments zvine ruvara rushoma zvinogona kutamiswa nyore nyore kuenda kuganda, uye makemikari anokuvadza eorganic uye ma ions esimbi anorema ari maari anogona kutorwa nemuviri wemunhu kuburikidza neganda. Muzviitiko zvechiedza, zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vakwenye; muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinogona kutungamira ku erythema uye papules pamusoro peganda, uye kutokonzera kenza. Kunyanya, chiyero chekusamira kwemavara emate uye dikita chezvigadzirwa zvevacheche chakakosha zvikuru. Vacheche nevana vanogona kunwa ruvara kuburikidza nemate nedikita, uye madhayi anokuvadza mumachira anokonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa pavacheche nevana.
4. Kunhuhwirira Kunoshamisa
Machira asina kunaka anowanzo perekedzwa nekunhuwa, kuvapo kwekunhuwa kunoratidza kuti pane masara emakemikari akawandisa pajira, chinova chiratidzo chiri nyore kuti vatengi vatarise. Mushure mekuvhurwa, jira rinogona kuonekwa serine hwema kana richinhuwa imwe kana kupfuura yepetroleum, parafini, hove, kana aromatic hydrocarbons.
5. Madhayi eAzo Akarambidzwa
Dhayi yeAzo inorambidzwa pachayo uye hapana mhedzisiro yakananga yekenza, asi pasi pemamwe mamiriro, kunyanya kusakurumidza kwemavara, chikamu chedhayi chichaendeswa kuganda remunhu kubva mumachira, mukuita kwekushandiswa kwakajairika kwemasero emuviri wemunhu e catalysis ye biological pasi pekudzikiswa kwearomage amine, inotorwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemuviri wemunhu kuburikidza neganda, ichikonzera chirwere chemuviri, uye kunyangwe chimiro chepakutanga cheDNA chinogona kuchinja muviri wemunhu, chinokonzera kenza nezvimwewo.
6. Paradzira madhayi
Madhayi eAllergy anoreva mamwe madhayi anogona kukonzera allergy yeganda, mucous membrane kana nzira yekufema yevanhu kana mhuka. Parizvino, marudzi makumi maviri nemanomwe emadhayi anonzwa akanyanya kuwanikwa, kusanganisira marudzi makumi maviri nematanhatu emadhayi akapararira uye rudzi rumwe rwemadhayi ane acid. Madhayi akapararira anowanzo shandiswa pakudhaya zvigadzirwa zvakachena kana zvakasanganiswa zvepolyester, polyamide uye acetate fibers.
7. Zvemukati zvesimbi zvine huremu
Kushandiswa kwedhayi dzesimbi dzinoita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakaoma mumicheka uye zvirimwa zvechisikigo zvinogonawo kutora simbi dzinorema kubva muvhu kana mhepo yakasviba panguva yekukura nekugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, zvipfeko zvakaita sema zipper, mabhatani zvinogonawo kunge zvine zvinhu zvesimbi zvinorema. Kuwanda kwesimbi inorema mumachira kunokonzera chepfu yakakura kana yatorwa nemuviri wemunhu kuburikidza neganda.
8. Zvasara zveMishonga Yezvipembenene
Zvikurukuru zviripo muzvipembenene zvechisikigo zvefaibha (donje), zvisaririra zvezvipembenene mumachira zvinowanzova zvakagadzikana, zvakaoma kuoxidation, kuora, chepfu, zvinonyudzwa nemuviri wemunhu kuburikidza neganda kuti zviunganidzwe. Kugadzikana kuripo munyama yemuviri, pamwe nekuunganidzwa kwechiropa, itsvo, matishu emwoyo, sekupindira kwekuburitswa kwekugadzirwa mumuviri. Kusunungurwa, metabolism, nezvimwewo.
9. Kupisa kwemachira ezvipfeko zvakajairika
Kunyangwe paine nzira dzinopfuura gumi dzekuyedza mashandiro ekupisa machira, asi musimboti wekuyedza unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: chimwe ndechekuyedza sampuro yemucheka mudiki muhuwandu hwakasiyana hweokisijeni, nitrogen, chikamu chidiki chinodiwa kuti kupiswa kurambe kuripo mumagasi akasanganiswa, huwandu hweokisijeni (inozivikanwawo se indekisi yeoxygen inogumira), uye indekisi yeoxygen inogumira yakati mashandiro ekupisa machira. Kazhinji, kana indekisi yeoxygen inogumira yakaderera, mukana wekuti machira apiswe zvakanyanya. Chechipiri ndechekuona uye kuyedza poindi yemurazvo wemucheka uye wobva waitika kupisa (kusanganisira kupisa kweutsi). Pasi pemusimboti wekuyedza, kune ma indekisi akawanda ekuratidza mashandiro ekupisa machira. Kune ma indekisi emhando yepamusoro ekutsanangura maitiro ekupisa, akadai sekuti sampuro yakapiswa here, yakanyungudika here, ikapiswa here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here, yakapwanyika here?
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-10-2021